Module 20 Significance of Concentrations Quiz

Based on field data from Florida residential sites, how do phosphorus concentrations in swale runoff compare to those in curb and gutter systems?

All phosphorus species are present at lower concentrations in swale runoff

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Phosphorus concentrations are higher in swale runoff than in curb and gutter runoff

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Only particulate phosphorus is lower in swale runoff; soluble species remain unchanged

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Phosphorus concentrations are equivalent between swale and curb and gutter systems

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What effect does reclaimed water used for irrigation have on wet pond discharges within the same catchment?

Wet pond discharges can exhibit phosphorus concentrations higher than those in typical raw residential runoff

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Reuse irrigation reduces phosphorus concentrations in wet pond discharges below typical levels

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Reuse irrigation has no measurable effect on nutrient concentrations in pond discharges

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Wet pond discharges show elevated nitrogen but not phosphorus when reuse irrigation is applied

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According to the module, what approximate percentage of total phosphorus in residential runoff is composed of removable species (SRP and particulate phosphorus)?

Approximately 70%

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Approximately 48%

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Approximately 85%

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Approximately 60%

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What are the field-derived irreducible discharge concentrations for Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) in wet detention ponds?

TN = 350 µg/L and TP = 10 µg/L

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TN = 130 µg/L and TP = 15 µg/L

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TN = 1,000 µg/L and TP = 100 µg/L

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TN = 400 µg/L and TP = 25 µg/L

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According to the module, what is the maximum total nitrogen removal achievable in wet detention ponds, regardless of detention time?

40–50%

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60–70%

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80–90%

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25–30%

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What are the field-documented equilibrium concentrations for Total Phosphorus and Total Nitrogen in shallow hardwood wetlands?

Total P of approximately 100 µg/L and Total N of 1,000–2,000 µg/L

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Total P of approximately 10 µg/L and Total N of 350–400 µg/L

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Total P of approximately 250 µg/L and Total N of 500 µg/L

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Total P of approximately 35 µg/L and Total N of 750 µg/L

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What happens when a wet detention pond discharging at low nutrient concentrations is followed by a shallow hardwood wetland as post-treatment?

The hardwood wetland increases nutrient concentrations in the final effluent due to equilibrium with nutrient-rich soils

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The hardwood wetland further reduces nutrient concentrations below pond discharge levels

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The hardwood wetland has no effect on nutrient concentrations from the pond discharge

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The hardwood wetland removes dissolved organic nitrogen but increases particulate phosphorus

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Why do shallow herbaceous wetlands perform significantly better than shallow hardwood wetlands at low influent nutrient concentrations?

Dense vegetation supports large populations of algae, bacteria, and microorganisms that actively take up nutrients from the water column

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Herbaceous wetland soils are aerobic and have greater direct contact with the water column, reducing sediment phosphorus release

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Herbaceous wetlands have higher equilibrium phosphorus concentrations than hardwood wetlands, so they absorb more nutrients

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Herbaceous wetlands have longer detention times due to slower hydraulic flow through the vegetation

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Why do removal efficiency claims based on high-concentration testing not accurately represent BMP performance under stormwater conditions?

Removal rates follow first-order kinetics and approach zero as concentrations decline toward minimum thresholds, so high-concentration results cannot be transferred to lower stormwater concentrations

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High-concentration testing always uses different BMP media than those approved for stormwater applications

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Stormwater regulations require testing at concentrations ten times higher than actual runoff to provide a safety margin

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High-concentration testing underestimates removal efficiency because more pollutant mass is present than the BMP can process

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Module 20 Significance of Concentrations Quiz

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